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The Lordship of Biscay (Basque: ''Bizkaiko jaurerria'', (スペイン語:Señorío de Vizcaya)) was a period of feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between 1072 and 1876 and ruled by a political figure known as Lord of Biscay. It was a territory with its own political organization, with its own naval ensign, consulate in Bruges and customs offices in Balmaseda and Urduña, from the 11th Century until 1876, when the Juntas Generales were abolished. Since 1379, when John I of Castile became the Lord of Biscay, the lordship got integrated into the Crown of Castile, and eventually the Kingdom of Spain. == History == The first time Biscay is mentioned with that name (in Spanish, ''Vizcaya'') is in the chronics of Alfonso III of Asturias in the late 9th Century, where he mentions the regions that were repopulated unders orders of Alfonso I, and how some territories, among them Biscay, were not affected by these repopulations, as they were "owned by their own". Biscay is mentioned again in the Roda Codex, dated in 990, which narrates the wedding between Velazquita, daughter of Sancho I of Pamplona and Munio Velaz, akin to the royal family of León and Pamplona and Count of Álava, in Biscay. It is considered then, that Biscay was by this period controlled by the Kingdom of Navarre. In 1076, after the death of Sancho IV of Navarre, a war between Alfonso VI of León and Castile and Sancho I of Aragón and V of Navarre takes place. Íñigo López, Earl of Biscay betrayed Navarre, surrendering the fortress of Bilibio to the Leonese, and therefore aiding them to conquer La Rioja. In exchange, the Leonese monarchs promised to support Íñigo's personal interests in Durangaldea, Gipuzkoa and Álava. Íñigo dies in 1077, and his son, Lope Íñiguez becomes the Lord of Biscay, which is now controlled by the Kingdom of Castile.〔 The lordship would be later inherited by his son, Diego López I de Haro, who served as Lord of Biscay until 1134, when he was defeated, and probably killed, by Alfonso the Battler, King of Aragón and Navarre. It was then when the Lordship was integrated once again into Navarre and Ladrón Íñiguez, one of the most powerful men of the Navarrese court, was named Lord of Biscay. After his death, in 1155, his son Vela Ladrón, who at the time was also Lord of Álava and Guipúzcoa, became Lord of Biscay and ruled through the reigns of Alfonso the Battler, García Ramírez and Sancho VI. During that time, Lope Díaz I de Haro claimed as his the title of Lord of Biscay, although he never set foot on the land during his lifetime. In 1173 Alfonso VIII of Castile attacked the Kingdom of Navarre and, one year later, with the death of Vela Ladrón, the Castilian King occupied Biscay and restored the House of Haro: Diego López II de Haro was named Lord of Biscay. In 1176 the kingdoms of Navarre and Castile sign a declaration of peace with an arbitration award in front of Henry II of England, where new borders were delimited and Biscay was partially integrated into Navarre. The award was ratified in 1179: the left bank of the River Nervión became part of Castile, while the rest of Biscay, Durangaldea and Álava (east from the Bayas River) were to stay with Navarre. Diego López II, Lord of Biscay, swore fealty to the Navarrese monarchy, and he ruled Biscay until 1183. The Lordship of Biscay would be a vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre until 1206, when the Haro family would receive the title of alférez of the Castilian court. From this point onwards, the Biscay would stay in the area of influence of the Castilian kingdom, but would not be wholly integrated into it until much later. The Lordship of Biscay was in the hands of the Haro family until 1370, when it was inherited, by his maternal side, by John I of Castile, who also inherited by his father's side the Kingdom of Castile. Since then, the Lordship remained bound to the Castilian kingdom first and, since Charles I, to the Spanish crown. However, the Lordship maintained a high degree of autonomy, through the Biscayan law, or fueros. In 1874, after the abolishment of the First Spanish Republic and the beginning of the Restoration, Alfonso XII abolished the Biscayan law and Juntas Generales; putting the Lordship to an end. Since then, Biscay has been fully integrated into the Spanish crown as the province of Bicay. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lordship of Biscay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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